Journal Entry for Sale of a Vehicle with a loan

Big question is whether or not this vehicle, the loan, and its associated accumulated depreciation is listed on the balance sheet of the business. And how the business is taxed.

I am going to assume you are taxed as a sole proprietor and that the vehicle (fixed asset), loan, and depreciation ARE on the business balance sheet.

Create an income account called gain/loss on asset sales.
Calculate and post partial year depreciation.

Then journal entries
debit accumulated depreciation and credit gain loss for the amount in the accumulated depreciation account

debit gain loss and credit the fixed asset account for the total in the fixed asset account

enter the payment for the sale as a deposit and use the loan account as the source account for the deposit

debit the loan account and credit the owner equity investment account for the balance due on the loan.